Sesamum
Til
Pedialiaceae
Sesamum Indicum
Improved varieties- Phule Til No -1, Tapi (JLT-7), Padma (JLT-26), JLT-408, G- 1,2,3
Kharif season for sowing of sesamum crop. It is also cultivated in rabi season.
Basically tropics and subtropics. Low temperature during flowering result in pollen sterility and premature flower drop. Mean temperature is 25-27 0 c for germination, initial growth and flower formation.
This crop is grown in various types of soil. Sandy loam soil is ideal. pH of soil should be range in 5.5 to 8.0 . Well drained and fertile soil with medium in texture required for sesamum cultivation.
Sesamum is small in size hence fine and compact seedbeds are required. Land is ploughed after harvesting of previous crop followed by clod crushing and two harrowings are necessary. Apply 5 tones FYM/ha before last harrowing and mix with soil.
1) Seed treatment with thiram @ 4 gm/kg of seed to control soil borne diseases.
2) Seed soaking in solution of 0.025 % Agrimycin for 30 minutes for bacterial leaf spot..
3) Seed treated with biofertilizer (Azatobacter) @ 250 gm/10kg of seed.
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Drilling method is used for sowing of seasamum.
Kharif season:- Optimum time for sowing is done in 2 nd week of June to 1 st week of July and Rabi season :- 1-30 October
Distance between two rows is 45 cm and
Distance between two plants is 10 cm
or
Distance between two rows is 30 cm and
Distance between two plants is 10 cm is also used.
optimum sweed rate is 2.5 to 3 kg /ha.
Thinning- is done after three weeks of sowing.
Apply FYM 5 tones/ha or 1 tines caster cake or Neem cake at the time of sowing.
25 kg N at the time of sowing and remaining 25 kg n after 3 weeks of sowing. If
soil is deficient in sulphur apply sulphur @ 20 kg s /ha as basal dose.
Water required for this crop is 50 ha . cm. Give water at the time of
1) 4-5 leaf stage = 25-30 days after sowing
2) Flowering stage- 45-50 days after sowing
3) Capsule development 65-70 days after sowing.
1 st weeding and hoeing is done 15-20 days after sowing.
2 nd weeding and hoeing is done 30-35 days after sowing.
Alternaria and blast – for this spraying of Mancozeb 75% 1.25 kg + streptocyclin
50 gm or copper oxychloride 1.25 kg + streptocyclyin 50 gm per 500 lit of water.
Leaf eating catterpiller and Aphids- for the control of ehese pests Endosulphan
35% EC 700 ml or Quinolphos 25%EC 1000 ml or Fenverlet 20% EC 250 ml in
500 lit of water or Carbaryl powder 2 kg in 500 lit of water.
Sesamum matured in 80-85 days after sowing. Leaves and capsule become yellow
and defoliation starts. The capsule from base matures first.
Crop should not be allow to stand in the field upto dead ripe stage otherwise they
will be considerable lose in yield due to shattering.
The crop is harvest at physiological maturity. Plants are cut at ground level and
bundled. These bundles are kept errect upside position on threshing floor for
drying 5-7 days. Threshing is done by shaking and beating the bundle with stick.
6-8 Qtls/ha.
Stored in storage bins , gunney bags, polythene bags.
Oil, Chikki, In masala making
1) Sesamum seed contain oil about 45-50 % , 18-25% protein, 21-25% CHO, 1%
Ca, 0.7 % P.
2) 78% produce sesamum used for oil extraction and remaining 20% is used for
domestic purpose (Sweets, Candy, Culinary Purpose) and 2% is for seed sowing.
3) Oil is used for preperation of scented oil.
4) Formulation of antacids , oilments.
5) Manufacture of margarin, cosmetics , paints, soaps, perfumes, insecticides,
pharmaceutical products.
6) Sesamum oil is used in salad, pickle, cooking.
7) Cake is used to feed to animal and poultry feed.
Grading and packaged in 10 kg or 30 kg gunny bags.
Maharashtra, Punjab, Madhyapradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat.
In Maharashtra Jalgaon, dhule, Budhana, Akola, Jana, Aurangabad
Maharashtra, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat.
