Oat
Oat, Jaee, Javie, Yavalu
Gramineae
Avena sativa
Hybrid varieties- Brunker -10, NP-2, Weston-11, NP-1, Kent , Palampur-1, OS-6,
OS-7, OL-9, HFO-114, UPO-94, Algerian, Bundel Jai- 822, Harita (RO-19), Subzaar (SKO-7), Haryana Javi-8 and Bundel Jai 2001-3
Oat is sown in Rabi season.
Oat is a cool climate crop. They do not grow well in hot dry conditions.
Oat can be cultivated on wide range of soils. However they thrive best on well drained loamy soils having good organic matter. The optimum soil pH range required is 5.0- to 6.5 for higher yield. Oat crop tolerates higher pH range soils than wheat or barley.
Land should be made weed free from previous planting or crop and it should be ploughed 6-7 times to achieve fine tilth stage.
Apply Raxil + Gaucho (Hombre)
sowing is done by drilling method.
sowing is done in the month of 15 October to 15 Novemebr.
Distance between two rows is 20-30 cm.
An average seed rate required is about 70-80 kg per hectare land.
Application of farm yar manure along which chemical fertilizers would increase the quality and crop yield. For an irrigated crop 40-45 kg N and 20-25 kg P 2 O 5 should be provided.
Usually Oats are cultivated as rainfed crop, in case of irrigated crop it requires 1 irrigation for very 15 days after sowing the seeds.
usually in an oat crop weeding is not needed, if solid stand is established . However 1 to 2 hoeing should be given as intercultural operations. A few tall broadleaf weeds such as ragweed, goose grass, wild mustard and button weed. These can be controlled with a application of 2,4-D while the weeds are still small.
Oats are relatively free from diseases and pest with the exception being leaf diseases such as leaf rust and stem rust. Anthracnose, Crown rust, Loose smut. The most effective method of controlling rusts is to plant resistanct varieties of oats, Use only certified smut free seed, treat seeds with sustemic fungicide. Application of appropriate foliar fungicides.
Armyworm, Aphids- provide plants with adequate level of fertilizer rotate crop to improve soil quality, control weeds in field. Avoid planting oats in soil with a high pH.
Oat crop will become available for harvesting after 4 months of sowing. If it is for fodder use 2 cuttings should be taken @ 40 to 45 days inteval and leave for seed setting. In order to avoid grain shedding crop harvesting should be done in early April month.
Oats are harvested when grain is in the hard dough stage and straw is slightly green (when the moisture content of the grain is 14% or less). If too ripe, shattering causes seed loss. Crop is usually cut with binder and left in the field until dry and then threshed. In mechanized societies, oats are combined directly from standing grain. For this type of harvesting, crop must be fully ripe, usually when the straw has lost greenness and glumes have become white. Crop may be combined from windrow, or cut with a header harvester when the crop is dead ripe. Seeds are threshed and cleaned by winnowing, and artificially dried to below 14% moisture for storage.
If Oats are cultivated for fodder purpose an average fodder yield of 220-300 qtls/ha and an abot 5 qtls/ha grain /ha
After combining the Oats are transported to the faryard using a grain truck semi or toad train,. Where they are conveyed into a bin for storage. Sometimes when there is not enough bin space they are augered into portable grain rings or pilled on the ground. Oatrs can be safely stored at 12-14 % moisture at higher moisture levels they must be aerated or dried.
cleaning and sizing dehulling , kin-lning and then sizing of groats. Flaking oat bran milling and whole flour milling.
1) Oats have numerous uses in foods, most commonly they are rolled or crushed into oat meal or groun into fine oat flour. Oatmeal is chiefly eaten as porridge but many also used in a variety of baked goods such as oat cakes, oatmeal, cookies and oat bread.Oats are also an ingredient in many cold cereals in particular museli and granola.
2) Oats are also commonly used as feed for horses when extra carbohydrates abd the subsequent boost in energy are required. The oat hull may be crushed for the horse to more easily digest the grain.
3) Cattle are also fed oats.
4) Oats are also occasionaly used in several different drinks.
5) Oat grass has been used traditionally for medicinal purpose including to help to help balance the menstrel cycle. Treat dysmenorrhoea and for oseoporosis and urinary tract infections.
6) In oat carbohydrates 66.3 g, dietary fiber 10.6 g, fat 6.9 g, protein 16.9 g, vitamines and minerals
Haryana, Punjab, Hissar, Palampur, Pantnagar, Jhansi
