Kapus, Kapas
Kapus, Kapas
Malvaceae
Gossypium spp.
Old world cotton
G. arboreum
G. herbaceum New world cotton
G. hirsutum
G. barbadense
Improved- LRA 5166, JLH-168, Phule 688, Phule JLH 794 Hybrid- H-10, NHH-44, Phule 492, Phule 388,H- 4,Varlaximi BT Hybrid- Rashi-2, Shakti-9, Sai, Ankur-9, 651, Ajit 11, Ajit 155, KDCH-441, Tulsi-4, Varun, Durga, Banni, Malika, NHH-44 (BT)
Kharif and summer seasons for sowing of cotton crop.
1) It is tropical and sub tropical crop.
2) It cannot tolerate high rain and dry period for long period particularly flowering and fruiting stages.
3) Most humid cloudy environment is harmfulk because it may reduce yield and affect quality of finalk produce due to pest and diseases.
4) For germination of seed 18 to 20 0 c temperature , vegetative growth 21 o c and
fruiting stage 21 0 c – 30 o c and cool night more. For cotton optimum temperature 15 – 35 o c minimum seasonal rainfall required 50 cm.
1) Cotton can be successfully grown on all types of soil except sandy, saline and water logging soil.
2) It can be grown all types of soils.
3) pH of soil should be between 5.5 -8.5.
4) Black cotton soil is ideal soil for rainfed cotton. In Northern India alluvial soil is ideal soil.
5) Cotton is deep rooted soil hence soil have minimum depth of 90 cm.
One deep ploughing and 2-3 harrowings are necessary for cotton. Clod crushing is also necessary , collect branches leaves and all other things of previous crops and keep clean field. Apply 25 CL of compost . Ridges on 90 cm distance. Ridges should not so deep , length of ridges should be 6-8 m.
Cotton seed due to presence of fuzz on seed coat may be entangle with each other which causes incovenience in sowing operation. In order to this cotton is treated with following seed treatments.
1) Cow dung paste- equal amount of soil and cow dung mix with water to prepare
paste and this paste mixed with seed and rubbed with stick. After rubbing seeds are dried in shed.
2) Acid delinting- 5% sulphuric acid stirr with seed till all fuzz burn for about 2 min and then wash seed with fresh water and dry it.
3) Thiram / Captan Seed is treated with thiram / Captan @ 3 gm per kg seed to control bacterial leaf blight.
4) Azotobacter or Azospirillum 250 gm/10 kg of seed to enhancing the nitrifying bacteria for fixation of atm. N2 in soil.
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Dry land cotton method of sowing used drilling or dibbling and irrigated cotton sowing by dibbling.
Proper time of sowing for rainfed cotton= Mansoon 2 nd fornight of June Irrigated cotton = khandesh, Vidarbha, Marathwada = 2 nd fortnight of May
Improved varieties= 90 x 60 cm should be kept.
Hybrid varites = 90 x 90 or 90 x 120 cm should be kept.
Optimum Plant population when spacing
90x 60 = 18518 plants /ha
90 x 90 = 12,345 plants /ha
90 x 120 = 9259 plants /ha
(kg/ha) –
Average seed rate for
American cotton varities avarage seed rate required= 8-10 kg /ha
Hybrid varietes = 2.5- 3 kg /ha
Deshi cotton Varietes= 12-15 kg/ha
1) Inter culturing operations
1) Gap filling is done after emmergence of seedlings (after 10 days)
2) These field show uneven growth of plant in order to avoid these seedlings are
grown in bag in 22 x 15 cm. In one bag 2-3 seeds are sown.
3) 250 – 300 bags are sufficient for 1 acre area. Thinning- if there are excess plant in field keep only one helthy plant at one hill at
15 days after sowing. Upto 60 days keep field weed free.
25 Cart load of FYM /ha is given at the time of last harrowing.Dose of chemical
fertilizers is as follows
Irrigated cotton N P K
At sowing (20%) 20 50 50
20 days after sowing (40%) 40
60 days after sowing (40%) 40
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Total 100 50 50
Improved varieties N P K
At sowing (20%) 16 40 40
20 days after sowing (40%) 32
60 days after sowing (40%) 32
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Total 80 40 40
1) Water requirement of cotton is 80-90 ha.cm
2) During initial period of crop growth require little or light irrigation is done at sowing time of before 3-4 days and after dibbling 4-5 days.
3) Sub sequent 2-3 irrigations given 8-10 days interval. Vegetative stage, flowering stage, Boll filling and maturation stages needs water.
1) Spraying of Pendimethalin 1.5 lit in 500 liter water before emergence of seed.
2) After sowing 10-35 days Cuzolofopethil 1.5 liter in 500 liter water.
1) leaf spot- spraying of copper oxychloride 1500 gm in 500 lit of water. Streptocydin 60 gm in 500 lit of water.
2) Bacterial leaf blight= spraying of streptocyclin @ 100 ppm in 10 days interval.
3) Furarium wilt, Root root Seed treatment with thiram @ 3 gm /kg of seed , Use resistant varieties culivation
Sucking pests, Aphids, Jassids, Thrips- dimethoate, Monocrotophos . Biopesticides - Spraying of Nimboli arc, Release of Crysopa eggs @ 50000/ha American boll worm, Spotted boll worm, Pink boll worm- Release of Crysopa eggs @ 50000/ha, Spraying of HNPV virus @ 500 ml/ha. Use of Pheromone traps or spraying of Profenophos @ 500 gm/ha or Chloropyriphos @ 500 ml/ha.
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1) Proper stage of crop for harvesting Getting the better quality of cotton the harvesting is done 30-35 % the balls are open. Harvesting should be done when bolls are fully opens. First picking should be done 30-35% bolls opened. Subsequent 2-3 pickings Should be done after 2-3 weeks intervals.
After picking cotton should allow to dry 3-4 days in sunlight and then stored in dry place.
Average yield of Irrigated improved varieties = 20-24 Qtls/ha and Hybrid varieties = 25-30 Qtls/ha , Rainfed cotton varieties = 6-8 Qtls/ha
Dry in field and stored in gunny bags in clean place.
Ginning , Cloth Industry, Seed oil, Oil cake
1) It is also called as white gold. It plays prominent role in national and internations economy.
2) It is used for manufacturing of cloth threads for human mankind.
3) It is valuable concentrate for cattle.
4) It is also used as extracting of oil. It contain 15-25% oil.
5) It contain 20% protein and 20% CHO.
6) It contain alkaloids like Gossypol.
7) Cotton seed oil is mostly used for manufacturing margarine, soap, explosive paints, water proofing material, rubber plastics , insecticides and fungicides.
8) Biproducts cotton seed cake used as organic manure it contain 6% N 3% P 2% K.
9) Lint is used as absorbent, cotton, surgical dressing.
Grading, cleaning and then stored in dry places, Ginning Industry, Oil ,Paints etc.
USA, China, India, Brazil, Greece, Australia, Pakistan, Egypt
India- Punjab, haryana, Rajasthan, Utter Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh In Maharashtra- Western Maharashtra, Khandesh, Marathwada, Vidarbha
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