Brinjal or Egg Plant
Wangi, Egg plant
Solanaceae
Solanum melongena
Improved varieities – Pusa purple long, Pusa purple cluster long, Arka kusumkar, Arka shirish, Krishna nagar green long, Selection 6, Suphala arka navaneet, Banarasi gaint, Pusa anmol, Majari gota, Phule Harit Hybrid- Krushna
Brinjal is all season crop. Kharif, Summer and Rabi
Brinjal is the warm season crop. It is susceptible to sever frost. It requires a long warm season befor fruit maturity. Optimum temperature is 20 0c to 30 0c. late round varieties are more tolerant to frost than early long varieties . Under very cool seasonal conditions the overies are split leading to the development of abnormal fruits.Its flesh is smooth. Family is solanaceae
Brinjal can be grown on a wide range of soils. The ideal soils should be a deep fertile and well drained. The pH should be not more than 5.5 to 8.0 for better growth and development. Light soils are good for a healthy crop but heavy soils are suited for higher yield.
Nursery Practices- Tomato is transplanted crop. Seeds are sown in the area of 3 m long , 1 m breadth , 15 cm height bed. A raised bed prepared by well decomposed FYM is mixed @ 3 kg FYM per m2 of nursery bed. 50 gm Blitox and 100-150 gm Suphala mixed into the soil. Seeds are treated with fungicideds and 40% formalin solution at 500 ml/m2 area of nursery bed sterilization. 10% Formaldehyde is also used for fumigation. After fumigation the beds are covered with Polythene for 24 hrs. Seeds are sown 4-5 days after removal of polythene sheets. In line sowing 7.5 cm distance is kept between tows. The beds are covered with straw or polythene sheet till the seeds germinate. Seedlings are protected against wind, exposure to sun and excess rainfall . Fungicides are sprayed weekly to avoid of damping off. Transplanting- seedlings are of 8 to 10 cm height with 2 to 3 true leaves are ready for transplanting. Seedlings should be hardened before lifting for transplanting. The summer crop may be transplanted on ridges and furrows system for effective use of water . Hardening of seedlings is achived by with hoding water for 4-6 days before transplanting, light irrigation should be given on due day of nursery pulling. Seedlings are pulled without any injury to root. At the time of transplanting soil around the seedlings is pressed firmly.
Seeds are treated with 3 gm thiram /kg before sowing on bed.
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Transplanting of seedling in ridges and furrows.
Crop is grown in three seasons. Summer crop is sown during February – March. Rabi crop is October to November. In hills seed is sown in April-May and seedlings transplanted in May – June and in Kharif season planting of seedling in month of June or July.
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Long fruited varieties = 60 x 60 cm Round fruited, varities = 75 x 75 cm Hybrid varities = 90 x 90 cm, In Black soil = 90 x 75 cm, For spread varieties = 120 x 90 cm
Average seed rate varies from 400 to 500 gm per hectare and average hybrid varieties 120 to 150 gm/ha
Generally manual weeding is done to remove weeds. Shallow cultivation is followed to put down the weed growth.
Brinjal occupies the land nearly 6-8 months about 25 to 30 tones of well decomposed FYM incorporated in the soil before transplanting NPK @ 150: 50:50 kg per ha. is generally applied ½ of nitrogen full quantities of P and K is applied at the time of transplanting while the remaining quantity of nitrogen may be applied upon soil conditions at 30 days, 45 days after transplanting.
Brinjal is shallow rooted crop it needs frequent irrigation. The crop is irrigated at 3-4 days interval during summer season, 12-15 days during winter season. However during rainy season irrigation is not needed. Brinjal is generally irrigated by furrow systemj of irrigation. Drip irrigation is recommended to improve water use efficiency and also to used for irrigation to brinjal crop.
Manual weeding is done to remove weeds . shallow cultivation is followed to put down the weed growth. Weeds can be controlled by applying herbicides like flchloralin @ 1.5 kg a.i /ha.
Bokadya, leaf bunch, wilt fruit rot- for control of this spray Carbofuron 30 gm or phorate 10 gm in nursery. Spray Dimethoate 30 % EC 10 ml or Marshal 10 ml in 10 liter of water on seedlings. Aphids, white flies, spider
1) Before sowing deep ploughing should be necessary.
2) For seed sowing put carbofuron 30 gm or phorate 10 gmin tho the soil. Spraying of Dimethoate 30 % 10 ml or Marshal 10 ml in 10 liter of water on seedlings.
3) At the time of sowing deep seedlings in Emidachloroprid 10 ml in 10 liter of water.
4) For mites spraying of Sulphur 30 gm or Dicophol 20 ml in 10 liter of water
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Fruits are harved when they attain good size and when the surface is bright and glossy appearance. If the fruits are too immature we press the fruit the presses portion springs back.
harvested material should be cleaned grading by size and color of fruits.
Average yield of improved varites 200 to 300 Qtls /ha Average yield of hybrids 400-500 Qtls /ha
Under ordinary conditions fruits can be stored for 1 to 2 days in summer , 3-4 days in winer at temperature of 7.2 0c at 85-90 % RH.
Grading three categpories super, fancy and commercial Packing - fruits are packed loosely in gunny bags wooden tray,plastic crate and bamboo baskets.
1) Brinjal is stable vegetable high in nutritive value. It is rich in minerals in Ca, Mg, P, k, and Fe.
2) It is also a good source of Vit.A and Vit.C .
3) Purple variety has higher copper cantemt Amino acid content is higher in Purple variety.
4) Fruit is employed as a curve for toothache. Excellent remedy those suffering from liver complaints.
5) Green leaves of brinjal plants are good appetizers, aphrodisiac and cardoaotonic.
6) It also beneficial in vaata and kapha.
Mostly vegetable purpose
In India west bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Gujarat, maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh. In Maharashtra Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Khandesh, Ahmednagar and Pune.
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